Friday 30 December 2011

Project 14 Myth is a type of speech

Project 14  Myth is a type of speech


In Myth to-day Barthes claims with a witty saussurean irony that this Lolita this poetess named Minou Drouet had her own system of signs (Barthes explains with a clinical disinterest of a scholar who likes boys not girls).  "A tree is a tree. But a tree expressed by Minou is no longer quite a tree it is decorated, adapted to a certain type of consumption laden with literary self-indulgence, revolt, images in short a type of social usage which is added to pure matter".  Barthes is out to destroy the "myth of childhood as a poet".

(Minou Drouet was a poet, musician and actress- a talented young lady Barthes used her in his text to show how myth is used in literature and can distort the signifier signified and therefore the sign)

Therefore take language, discourse speech etc to mean any significant unit or synthesis either verbal or visual, a photograph will be a kind of speech for us the same as a newspaper article even objects will become speech if they mean something long before the invention of the alphabet, objects or simple drawing etc. have been accepted as speech (telling a story, an event in history, how people lived and survived).

Myth today is a type of speech not any type language needs special conditions in order to become a myth

Dictionary definition :  Myth is a fable or narrative under which is hidden a historical or mural truth an invented story (The Westminster English Dictionary) It is therefore not confined to oral speech it can consist of modes of writing or of representations not only of writing but also photography, cinema, reporting, paintings, sport, shows etc.  all these can serve as support to mythical speech.

With regard to the"bunch of roses and a black pebble, roses particularly red roses are passion and love while black pebbles bring to mind coldest and hard these convey emotions  Another example is fire - hell different colours associated with heat, anger and hatred.  The shape of the heart  in any form other than medical represents emotions or love so is not the real representation of an organ.  It is another myth that we have created to signify where we associate where our feelings come from.  (not in the mind?).

James Ravilious 1939-1999  Photographs in black/white are so profound images of all aspects of local life (Devon) landscape, farming life in local towns and villages and their special occasions each one tells a story.




Ivor Brooks rescuing  a lamb in blizzard Miltham Dolton Devon 1978


Archie Parkhouse and Ivor Brooks moving a sick lamb  (in an old tin bath)  Dolton Devon 1976


The Mad Hatter Tea party  By Arthur Rackham  1867-1939


This picture comes from the  classic book Alice in Wonderland (a young girls search for the meaning of a confusing world strikes a chord in a peculiar tale of logic and fantasy).  It is considered to be one of he best examples of literary nonsense genre and its narrative course and structure have been enormously influential especially in the fantasy genre.

Alice is a guest at a " Mad Tea Party"  with March Hare, Mad Hatter and a Sleeping Dormouse" who remains asleep in the teapot of most of the time.

The Hatter is most likely to be a reference to Theophilus a furniture dealer know for his unorthodox inventions.

The March Hare, the Hatter and the Dormouse give several examples in which the semantic value of a sentence (A is not the same value of the converse of A)  i.e. "why you might just as well say that ` I see what I eat' is the same as `I eat what I see in logic this is discussing an inverse relationship.

Alice also ponders that meaning when changing chairs around a circular table then places them back where they started.  This is an observation of additions on the ring of ` integer's modulo'

Thursday 29 December 2011

Project 13: mini project on structuralist analysis

Project 13: mini project on structuralist analysis

Two examples of naturalistic paintings of a particular genre,

Example one

The artist and his wife and daughter c 1751-2 (oil on canvas) by Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788)

This painting has more of a relaxed feeling. The painter shows husband and wife relaxing the latter taking on the role of the mother  the child positioned  between the two (the union).  Gainsborough holds a piece of paper (an allusion to his work as an artist)- is sitting at the same level as his wife (Margaret Burr the illegitimate daughter of an aristocrat)  The child could possibly be their first child Mary who died in 1748.  It is possibly that the painting was done in that year as a posthumous picture of her.  This could explain the look of depressed distraction and the  distance between each other (as if the child has come between them).  Thomas looks past us, sadly, pointlessly, his red jacket not properly buttoned, his hat not positioned right.  Margaret looks nowhere she holds a small posy of white flowers.  The child is the only one that look at us holding what seems to be a stringed purse notice her rosy cheeks.  The dog drinks from the pool

The landscape has a devastating reflection of their feelings, the tree they sit under is half bare the pool dreary the sky grey - suicidal.

Example 2
Girl with a Pearl Earring    (the unknown girl)    c 1665-6     Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)

Vermeer's art looks modern in someways almost photographic - the way the light gathers in bright intense areas, the sharp contrast, the dramatic perspective.  Some art historians speculate he may have been a camera obsara!  But we could be in danger of missing something if we imagine Vermeer as a photographer his realism (any realism) is not a blunt description of the world but an idea.  (Jonathan Jones The Guardian 2/11/2002)

The unknown girl floats disconnected from everything around her including you.  The power and presence  in which she looks at you is incredible as she gazes wide eyed her sensual mouth parted. As the name suggests the pearl earring is the focal point.  Vermeer depicts a beautiful young woman with a vibrant blue turban looking over her shoulder to see who is standing behind her (could it be Vermeer?).  The luminous pearl earring hangs freely and motionless giving the impression of weight and volume. this complements the white collar of her dress.

The combination of the very dark background and the brilliant use of colour in the turban and subdued colours used in her face and dress draw the eye to the girl's intimate gaze.

The speculation as to who could have been the sitter for this painting was, or could have been a servant girl with whom Vermeer began a relationship and painted her wearing his wife's pearl earring.

next we go on to portrait photography formal and informal

Example 1



George Armstrong Custer and Elizabeth Bacon Custer 1860-1865
by Mathew  B Brady 1822-1896

Like Gainsborough's paintings the subjects in this early photograph adopt a frontal view the sitters are
looking directly at the photographer and the posture is of the subjects is staged. The nature of the pose is similar to the immobility  of  most of Gainsborough's paintings (it is not natural).  Elizabeth sitting hands together on lap straight backed, gown perfectly layed out.  George standing in  attendance to his wife one hand on the back of the chair the other behind his back neither have a smile (was this deemed improper in those days.  I suppose this could have been a personal photo or one used to distribute to his followers.

Example 2 



Untitled Firm Still no. 6 1977
by Cindy Sherman
Black and White

Sherman began making the sixty-nine photos in 1977, the first six were an experiment.  Fan magazine glimpses into the roles of women played by Sherman herself.  The photo looks like a movie still or a publicity pix purported to catch the blonde in an unguarded moment at home (this one lounging on the bed).

Sherman poses as a woman daydreaming, she holds a mirror, (a cliched symbol of vanity) in one hand
Momentarily her blank stare triggers a double-take could she become a victim of crime in a police photo killed by the mechanical gaze of the camera, or perhaps awaiting her lover!

Wednesday 28 December 2011

Project 12 Rhetoric of the image

Project 12 Rhetoric of the image

1) Etymology - explains origin and history of words
2) Rhetoric - is a type of speaking, writing, visual work used to persuade an audience of validity or truth in a statement or image
3) Semiotics - the study of signs and sign processes - closely related to linguistics.  Is divided into three branches
               a) Semantics  - Relations between signs and the things to which they refer
               b) Syntactics - Relation among sign in formal st ructions
               c) Pragmatics - Relation between signs and the effects they have on people who uses them

Semiotics is the common umbrella term to describe both the Saussurean and the Peirean approach (Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce)

Fiske defines semiotics as being essentially a theoretical approach to communications in that its aim is to establish widely applicable principles (Fiske, 1982,p.118) which means that semiotics can be used in anything in the mass media from TV, radio, films,photos, newspapers posters and advents in magazines.

Semiotics is sometimes referred to as "semiology" as the sign of signs or theory of signs others include body language posture facial expressions clothes worn etc.

The advertisers have in their minds exactly who their target is aimed at.  Since the making of them is costly and complex business those involved in the production select and choose ways (for example they choose the image, highlighting, typography, focus camera angle etc.  (one example is to spray a food product with a substance that gives an extra `eat me` look i.e. a shine)

Such a team will draw upon there own perceived concepts and ideas of what the product is about and the target audience it is aimed at.  So in effect adverts consist of many messages (dyer 1986, p.135) but it is up to the individual how they interpret the image they see- and this will be according to the reader/ viewers cultural views.

The first advert I have chosen is that of  L'Oreal men expert vita lift (seen in Live magazine supplement (The mail on Sunday)  This is a magazine aimed at the man of the house with many articles that are expensive.  The adverts is mainly black and white being of  Hugh Laurie (who has recently been advertising the product on TV)   To the right of this photo the product itself with a red hue round it which makes it stand out for the page.  Hugh Laurie has  a knowing expression with a hint of a smile with  the words in brackets "Keep on being yourself "  and under the product  (its not a face lift, its a vita lift).    


The next is Potters Herbals ( In the You magazine supplement to the Mail on Sunday newspaper). The picture again is in black and white which shows an a gentleman in top hat 1800s clothes, finger to his lips, the background is misty (similar to an early photograph) of the sky line and trees the products are in colour one orange, one green and one pink each with a different product (chest mixture, cough mixture and catarrh mixture) I think the advert is saying that the longer the company  has been going (since 1812) the better the product.  Also the products being in colour stand out to catch the eye.


The last product I have chosen is that of a perfume product  Daisy (Marc Jacobs) (also in the You magazine) This advent shows a clear blue sky a field of daises a woman holding the perfume in both hands raised,  face raised to the sun eyes closed mouth slightly open long hair gently blowing in the wind wearing a pure white dress.  This gives the impression of a perfume that is light  and gives the feeling of warm summer days in the countryside.  The colours of the advert are gentle.